Klondike Rocks

Klondike Rocks
The low, shelf-like structure of the rocks, which seldom rise
more than two feet above the bottom. Cunners

These low outcroppings appear in small to large patches over a two-mile area called the Klondike, and elsewhere, at depths ranging from 60 to 90 feet. The overhangs, crags, and holes afforded by the piles of rocks and boulders provide excellent homes for fish and lobsters. Visibility can be great here at times, but it is usually 10-20 ft, with a silty bottom in most places. The larger areas extend for many hundreds of feet, and an incautious diver can easily get lost. The stone itself is a type of sandstone known as Greensand, which occurs along the northern part of the New Jersey coast, and parts of Long Island, most famously as the Shrewsbury Rocks.

Captain Henry Beebe named this bank of high bottom off the central Jersey coast during the time of gold fever in the West. He ferried people from the Jersey beaches in small boats to drift from the pilot boat B Jordan, which he captained. He'd bring them to the Klondike Bank, thus named because of its rich treasure trove of fish. Many of the individual outcroppings are named after the fishing boat or captain that found the spot.

Klondike Rocks
The rocks are riddled with fissures and fractures that run across the "grain".
Klondike Rocks
A Sea Bass shelters in a nook. Yellow Boring Sponge on the left.
Klondike Rocks
A pair of one-armed lobsters fight over a cave. Hydroids and Stony Coral.
Klondike Rocks
A dogfish patrols an area where the rocks are more boulder-like than flat.

There are hundreds of small lumps and ridges such as this, stretching the entire length of the Jersey coast. The Manasquan Ridge and its East Lump is another example of these spots, as is the Harvey Cedar Lump, although there are many that show up on nautical charts as just small spots.

Greensand
Sandstone from an outcropping near the Mohawk.
Facing is the broken-off interior edge. ( Approx. 7" )

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Industrial Pollution

pollution

In the United States, industry is the greatest source of pollution, accounting for more than half the volume of all water pollution and for the most deadly pollutants. Some 370,000 manufacturing facilities use huge quantities of freshwater to carry away wastes of many kinds. The waste-bearing water, or effluent, is discharged into streams, lakes, or oceans, which in turn disperse the polluting substances. In its National Water Quality Inventory, reported to Congress in 1996, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency concluded that approximately 40% of the nation's surveyed lakes, rivers, and estuaries were too polluted for such basic uses as drinking supply, fishing, and swimming. The pollutants include grit, asbestos, phosphates and nitrates, mercury, lead, caustic soda and other sodium compounds, sulfur and sulfuric acid, oils, and petrochemicals.