Long Island Sound Dive Sites (1/3)

Long Island Sound

Long Island Sound averages 60 ft in depth, with the greatest depth of over 300 ft at the eastern end. Tidal effects are strongest at the narrow western end, where all the inrushing water flow piles up and makes tidal variations of up to 7 ft. Strong tidal currents are also prevalent, and visibility tends to be poorer than the open ocean, especially at depth.

Long Island Sound Dive Sites

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Shipwreck Atlantic
Type:
shipwreck, steamer, USA
Built:
May 1846, New York NY USA
Specs:
( 320 x 36 ft ) 1112 gross tons, 75 passengers & crew
Sunk:
Friday November 26, 1846
boiler explosion; then grounded during storm on Fisher's Island - 45 casualties
Depth:
20 ft

Type:
shipwreck, tugboat, USA
Built:
1937, Beaumont TX USA
Specs:
( 68 ft ) 4 crew
Sunk:
Tuesday November 25, 1971
structural failure during storm due to improper modifications - 2 casualties
Depth:
136 ft

Shipwreck Celtic
Type:
Celtic - shipwreck, canal tugboat, USA
Cape Race - shipwreck, barge, USA
Built:
Celtic - 1958, USA
Specs:
Celtic - ( 85 ft ) 6 crew
Cape Race - ( 150 ft )
Sunk:
Saturday November 17, 1984
barge foundered, pulling tug down with it - no survivors
Depth:
60 ft

Type:
shipwreck, tugboat, USA
Specs:
( 70 ft )
Sunk:
Wednesday December 7, 1983
fire - no casualties
Depth:
70 ft

Shipwreck Glen Island
Type:
shipwreck, steamer, USA
Built:
1880, USA, as City of Richmond
Specs:
( 239 x 36 ft ) 615 gross tons, 31 passengers & crew
Sunk:
Saturday December 17, 1904
fire - 9 casualties
Depth:
15 ft

outline of wooden hull, paddlewheel


Type:
shipwreck, tugboat, USA
Built:
1888, camden NJ USA, as Douglas H. Thomas
Specs:
( 97 x 21 ft ) 148 tons, 9 crew
Sunk:
Sunday December 30, 1962
cause unknown - no survivors
Depth:
40 ft, starts at 20 ft

HMS Culloden
Type:
shipwreck, frigate, British Royal Navy
Name:
The Battle of Culloden, where in 1745 the English army massacred the last of the Scottish resistance ( and much of the civilian population ), completing the English conquest of Scotland.
Built:
1776, England
Specs:
( 170 x 47 ft ) 1658 gross tons, 650 crew
Sunk:
Monday January 24, 1781
ran aground in storm - no casualties
Depth:
20 ft

Type:
shipwreck, frigate ( Mermaid-class, 6th-rate ), British Royal Navy
Name:
Hussars were light cavalry units of the period, known for their colorful and showy uniforms.
Built:
1763, England
Specs:
( 124 x 33 ft ) 627 gross tons
Sunk:
Thursday November 23, 1780
struck a rock - unknown casualties, including prisoners
Depth:
probably buried in the landfill under the police station near 135th Street


Type:
shipwreck, tugboat, USA
Specs:
( 113 ft ) 8 crew
Sunk:
Sunday March 3, 1985
collision with one of its own barges - no casualties
Depth:
230 ft

Long Island Sound Dive Sites

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An Explanation of Professor A.A. Buhlmann's ZH-L16 Algorithm

by Paul Chapman

Note to new divers and potential new divers:

This information is presented for general interest. Don't be scared off by what you see here - you don't need to learn any of this to become a safe and competent scuba diver. You will however need to understand dive planning.

The following is a summary of the decompression algorithm described by Dr A.A. Buhlmann in the fourth edition of his book Tauchmedizin ( diving medicine ) published in 1995 ( only in German. ) the book contains a considerable amount of other information and is published by Springer-Verlag ISBN 3-540-58970-8. Rumor has it that at the time of writing ( November 1999 ) an English translation is being prepared for publishing, so hopefully, in due course, this document will become redundant.

The algorithm is simply a "recipe" for modeling the behavior of inert gases, which diffuse in and out of our body tissues when breathed under varying pressures. The intention is that if the recipe models the actual processes in our bodies accurately enough, it can be used to plan dives ( and other pressure exposures ) with a view to avoiding decompression sickness.

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