Unable to keep way in rough seas because of failing engines, the wood-hulled Charlemagne Tower was running for the shore to beach herself when she foundered and sank. Her remains consist of a low debris field, boiler, etc. Also known as the "Cedar Creek Wreck."
by Michael C. Barnette
Poly-chlorinated biphenols (PCBs) and heavy metals ( Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Ag, and Hg ) have become an issue of concern with artificial reef development, as popular reef building materials ( e.g., ex-Navy vessels ) may contain quantities of these toxic materials that may potentially be transferred through the food chain. This transference, or bioaccumulation, may have unforseen effects on the marine environment and, ultimately, human health through consumption of contaminated finfish and shellfish harvested from these reefs. However, thousands of ships have met their demise without the environmental cleansing and preparation that artificial reefs require, perhaps posing a potentially greater health risk to consumers and divers.
More: Contamination Risks of Artificial Reefs and Shipwrecks ...
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