Pilot Boat

pilot boat Sandy Hook
Sandy Hook

A harbor pilot is a person who takes control of a seagoing ship when it is entering or leaving port. He is expertly familiar with all the channels, shoals, currents, tides, and regulations of his particular port, and is essential to safely steer the ships in and out. It is an ancient and exclusive profession, often passed down from father to son*. In old days, the top two signal flags at right were used by ships entering and exiting a harbor to call for a pilot, while the bottom flag indicated "pilot on board."

A pilot boat transports the harbor pilots to and from their charges. If you go out to the vicinity of the Ambrose Tower, you will probably see the Sandy Hook's modern descendants.

pilot boat New York
The modern-day pilot boat New York. Number 2 New Jersey is similar.
Nineteenth-century Pilot Boat 15
Nineteenth-century Pilot Boat "15"

* there are very few female pilots, even today.


Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a material to the density of water. Materials with a specific gravity greater than 1.000 ( 1.035 in the ocean ) sink; materials with a specific gravity less than 1.000 ( 1.035 in the ocean ) float. Lead has the highest specific gravity - 11.35, except for gold. Gases like air also have weight, density, and specific gravity.

These figures are approximate and should be used only as general indicators.