Liners (1/2) ~ New Jersey Scuba Diving

Liners (1/2)

SS Mohawk postcard — A postcard of the *Mohawk*, a typical 1930s passenger liner

A liner is a vessel designed primarily to carry passengers on a set schedule. There was a time when ocean liners were more than the mere pleasure cruisers of today. Before the advent of modern air travel, ships were the primary means of transport for those needing to cross the oceans. Untold numbers of immigrants came to this country in passenger liners, most in steerage class, a far cry from the modern floating pleasure palaces.

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American Glory

Type:: artificial reef, mini-liner
Built:: 2002 Chesapeake Shipbuilding, Salisbury, MD USA
Specs:: ( 174 x 39 ft ) 1,267 gross tons
Sunk:: Monday, November 4, 2019 - Delaware #11 Artificial Reef
GPS:: 38°40.474' -74°43.726'
Depth:: 80 ft

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Andrea Doria

Type:: shipwreck, liner, Italy
Name:: A 16th century Genoese Admiral. This name had been previously carried by a number of Italian warships ( see page bottom )
Built:: 1951, Italy
Specs:: ( 700 x 90 ft ) 29083 displacement tons, 1706 passengers & crew
Sunk:: Thursday July 26, 1956
collision with freighter Stockholm ( 12000 tons) - 46 casualties
GPS:: 40°29.405' -69°52.028' (AWOIS)
Depth:: 240 ft ( 190 ft minimum )

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Carolina

Type:: shipwreck, liner, USA
Built:: 1896, Newport News VA USA, as La Grande Duchesse
Specs:: ( 380 x 47 ft ) 5017 gross tons, 330 passengers & crew
Sunk:: Sunday June 2, 1918
shelled by U-151 - 13 casualties
Depth:: 250 ft

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City of Athens

Type:: shipwreck, liner, USA
Built:: 1911, Camden NJ USA, as Somerset
Specs:: ( 309 x 46 ft ) 3648 gross tons, 135 passengers & crew
Sunk:: Wednesday May 1, 1918
collision with French Navy cruiser La Gloire - 67 casualties
Depth:: 110 ft

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Fort Victoria

Type:: shipwreck, liner, Furness-Bermuda Line, Bermuda
Built:: 1913, Scotland, as Willochra
Specs:: ( 411 x 56 ft ) 7784 gross tons, 371 passengers & crew
Sunk:: Wednesday December 18, 1929
collision in fog with liner Algonquin ( see Mohawk ) - no casualties
GPS:: 40°28.907' -73°54.398' (AWOIS 1991)
Depth:: 50 ft

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Mohawk

Type:: shipwreck, liner, USA, Clyde-Mallory Lines ( sailing under Ward Lines )
Name:: A tribe of Iroquoian Indians of the eastern New York area.
Three identical sisters were named Cherokee, Seminole, and Algonquin
Built:: 1926, Newport News VA USA ( Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. )
Specs:: ( 387 x 54 ft ) 5897 gross tons, 163 passengers & crew
Sunk:: Thursday January 25, 1935
collision with Norwegian freighter Talisman - 45 casualties
Depth:: 80 ft max

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Mohawk (older)

Type:: liner, Clyde Line, USA
Name:: A tribe of Iroquoian Indians of the eastern New York area.
Built:: 1908, Philadelphia PA USA
Specs:: ( 367 x 48 ft ) 4623 tons, 290 passengers & crew
Sunk:: Thursday January 1, 1925
burned in a storm - no casualties
GPS:: 40°25.025' -73°45.158' (AWOIS)
Depth:: 25 ft

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Northern Pacific

Type:: shipwreck, liner, USA
Built:: 1915, Philadelphia PA USA
Specs:: ( 509 x 63 ft ) 8256 gross tons, 28 crew
Sunk:: Wednesday February 8, 1922
burned - 4 casualties
Depth:: 140 ft

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Oregon

Type:: shipwreck, liner, Cunard Line, England
Built:: 1881, Scotland
Specs:: ( 518 x 54 ft ) 7500 gross tons, 845 passengers & crew
Sunk:: Monday March 14, 1886
collision, probably with schooner Charles R Morse - no casualties
Depth:: 125 ft, highest point 85 ft

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Princess Anne

Type:: shipwreck, liner, USA
Built:: 1897, Chester PA USA
Specs:: ( 350 x 42 ft ) 3629 gross tons
Sunk:: February 6, 1920; ran aground in storm - no casualties
Depth:: 20 ft

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Liners

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Photography - Well-lit Situations

Close-up & Flash

By well-lit, what I mean is situations that fall within the normal range of your camera's exposure program. This is a combination of ISO (film) speed, shutter speed, and aperture which will result in capturing a desired image. On land, such situations occur all day long, but underwater they are rare. Clear shallow water with a bright sun shining overhead is the only environment in which your camera is likely to work unaided, as it would topside.

An unremarkable ambient light test shot, at a depth of about 100 ft. Note the loss of colors, even close-up. Flash would bring out all the hidden colors.

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