Black Sunday (1/3)

U-151's path from Isabel B Wiley to Carolina

The U-151 was the first German U-boat to operate in U.S. territory in World War I. The U-151 is not actually sunk in these waters ( it was sunk deep off Virginia after the war, ) but it did "contribute" the following six shipwrecks, all on the same day, Sunday, June 2, 1918:

  1. schooner Isabel B. Wiley, 776 tons - bombed, 7:50 AM
  2. freighter Winneconne, 1869 tons - bombed, 9:12 AM
  3. schooner Jacob M. Haskell, 1798 tons - bombed, 12:00 AM
  4. schooner Edward H. Cole, 1791 tons - bombed, 4:00 PM
  5. freighter Texel, 3220 tons - bombed, 5:20 PM
  6. passenger liner Carolina, 5017 tons - shelled, 7:20 PM
U-151

The following day, the tanker Herbert L. Pratt ( 7125 tons) struck a mine laid in the area by the U-151 but was salvaged. The total casualties for all seven vessels was only 13, amazing considering that 448 persons were imperiled and over 21,500 tons of shipping was damaged or destroyed. The 13 casualties that did occur were the result of a capsized lifeboat, not hostile action by the U-boat.

The captain of the U-151 could afford to act in such a chivalrous manner for several reasons. U-151 was the first U-boat ever to operate in US waters during WW I. Wireless radio technology was still at a primitive state, and anti-submarine patrol aircraft were unheard-of. This gave the submarine the advantage of surprise, and the luxury of being able to operate on the surface, and allow time for each victim's crew to escape before finishing the attack.

The U-151 sank a number of other vessels off the coast of Virginia before returning safely to Germany. After WWI it was brought to America and finally sunk in bomb tests. In WW II, submarine warfare was considerably deadlier, both for the U-boats and their victims. While the U-151 is not a dive site itself, there are at least three WW II U-boats and several American submarines in the area.

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Redbird Subway Car - in service

There is a great deal of controversy over the use of subway cars as artificial reefs. There shouldn't be. Subway cars are fish condos. They are the perfect size and shape to provide homes for all sorts of fishes, as well as large attachment areas for other organisms. The fact that they come complete with large door and window openings is even better. Most reef materials, such as ships and barges, improve with age because they open up, allowing easier access to the interior. Indeed, some of the most barren reefs I have seen are those that are completely intact, since they offer little shelter.