New Jersey Scuba Diving

A small local trawler. The net is stowed on the large white spool aft, while the wooden otter boards are stowed alongside. Newer vessels like this put the fishing gear over the stern, while some older trawlers still put the net and otter boards over the starboard side, leaving the port side free for loading and unloading at the dock.

• Trawlers

A single-vessel otter trawl - the net is spread open by large boards known as "otter boards." Two-vessel trawling operations can dispense with the otter boards, and also make use of much larger ( in some cases enormous ) nets.

A trawler or "dragger" is a vessel that tows its fishing gear, typically a weighted net, across the bottom. Trawler nets are easily snagged on bottom obstructions. This results in damage to the gear, if not outright loss, so trawlers try to avoid such "hangs", and make note of new ones when encountered. Lost fishing nets often form shrouds over shipwrecks, which are not only dangerous to scuba divers but go on killing marine life for many years until they disintegrate. Modern "rolling nets" are much more resistant to snagging, allowing the trawlers to run closer to and even over the old obstructions that once gave the fish at least some haven.

Rolling nets and other bottom gear in action The video focuses on the lower lip of the net, the rest of it arches up out of sight. ( The soundtrack is a little melodramatic, you might want to turn it off. )

Trawlers are often the initial discoverers of shipwrecks, or "snags", as they refer to them. Trawler captains keep extensive lists of loran coordinates for snags, which can quickly destroy their expensive gear. This way they can avoid those places in the future. They usually are willing to share these coordinates with each other, and also with the dive boat captains, who sometimes assist them by recovering lost fishing equipment.

There are still a fair number of small net-trawlers operating in New Jersey waters. I'm not sure what they are after, as most economically important food fishes are too depleted in local waters to be worth going after. For example, due to excessive trawl fishing, Cod populations throughout the North Atlantic have collapsed to such low levels that some scientists doubt the fish will ever recover. Two fisheries that are still reasonably healthy are surf clams and scallops, which are targeted by specialized trawlers known as dredges - see below.

The local trawler fleet is comprised mostly of smaller draggers, up to 80 feet or so in total length. Not large enough to venture far offshore or to make extended trips, their fishing activities are mostly restricted to the waters of the New York Bight. They are all participants in what is called a mixed-trawl fishery, their fishing activities dictated by the migratory patterns of the fish through the Bight and the vagaries of the fresh fish market. They primarily target fluke, silver hake, and squid but in the past have also had significant landings of winter flounder, bluefish, monkfish, and scallop.