Pauline Marie (FS-???) (2/2)

Note:
I have it on good authority that the following is wrong, because Pauline Marie is not a "Higgins" boat. Update coming.

First I followed the Portuguese thread, and that went nowhere. Then I tried Seacoast / Hanson Industries, and found an old list of vessels owned by the company that bought-out Seacoast in 1984, today Omega Protein. This list had several FS freighters on it, as they were once a preferred vessel in the bunker industry. Several of the vessels had known histories and could be eliminated, leaving FS-180 Sikeoyness and FS-231 Sinepuxent . Both vessels were built by Higgins company in Louisiana in late 1944 / early 1945 and sent to the South Pacific. Neither had a long career in the military, as the war was soon over. Both were converted to "bunker boats". A lawsuit shows the Sikeoyness was still in operation in 1981, but after that the trail of the FS-180 goes cold, even with an IMO number. However, the Seacoast document lists two more aliases for the FS-231: Blue Laker and Zebrula.

At that point, I had three names, and the search started speeding up. There are no records on Blue Laker, but Zebrula turns up in a number of archives, including NavSource.org, which is fairly authoritative. NavSource has this to say:

Freight-Supply Vessel

  • Laid down: circa January-March 1945, for the US Army as the Small Freighter FS-231 (design 330D) at Higgins Industries, New Orleans, LA.
  • Delivered to the US Army: January-March 1945
  • Commissioned and placed in service: circa January-March 1945 as USAV FS-231
  • Manned by a U.S. Coast Guard crew
  • Assigned to and operated in the Pacific Ocean area
  • Retired from US Army service, date unknown
  • Sold, date unknown: for commercial service, named MV Zebrula
  • Re-named MV Sinepuxent, date unknown
  • Final Disposition: fate unknown

Specifications:

  • Displacement: 550 t.
  • Length: 177'
  • Beam: 33'
  • Draft: 10'
  • Speed: 12 kts
  • Complement: unknown
  • Armament: unknown
  • Propulsion: two 500hp GM Cleveland Division 6-278A 6-cyl V6 diesel engines, twin screws

There's a fourth name: MV Sinepuxent - a village on the coast of Maryland, in the region where the bunker companies were based. Some more searching, and I came up with the following list on a prominent shipping database:

  • USS FS-231 (1945-46)
  • Zebrula (1946-60)
  • Blue Laker (1960-64)
  • Sinepuxent (1964-?) IMO 5046712

There is even an IMO number - a unique identifier assigned to all vessels. Sinepuxent was another dead end, but I found the following at a Canadian university archive:

"Zebrula" (ship) at sea
Ex-"F.S. 231." Steel stern cruiser cargo carrier,
built in New Orleans, United States in 1944,
registered in St. John's, Newfoundland in 1947, 573 gross tons.
Owned by Blue Water Shipping Co. Ltd., St. John's in 1949.

The same archive had several more photos:

Pauline Marie is definitely either FS-231 or FS-180. Zebrula appears to have a dent in the bow that matches one on the Pauline Marie, and I think that is the more likely of the two, although nothing I can find proves the FS-231 or disproves the FS-180. So not 100% certain, but one out of two is better than one out of 500!

Just to add confusion, that same archive mixed photos of two different Zebrulas, another completely different one from the 1950s, and refers to them as the same vessel. Perhaps the owner liked that name. And he could have been Portuguese - Zebrula is Portuguese for a zebra/horse hybrid. There appears to be another FS in the background of this picture - could this be both of them?


Higgins shipyard
Incredibly, Higgins built 100 of these 550-ton vessels on a moving assembly line like automobiles or clock radios. As each ship reached the end of the line it was launched, stern first, into the Industrial Canal for final testing. Here, FP-146 is nearing completion and launch. How did the Japanese and the Germans ever think they were going to win?

FS/AKL-type ships served in many capacities for decades:

AKL freighter
An AKL-class freighter in World War II livery. AKLs served through Vietnam
Pauline Marie reef

USS Hewell (AKL-14) served as the fictitious "USS Reluctant" ("The Bucket") in the 1955 movie version of Mister Roberts, starring James Cagney and Henry Fonda. The film, based on a play and novel, humorously documented life on a Navy transport in the backwaters of World War II - travels "from tedium to apathy and back again, with a side trip to monotony." It's a great film, humorous and patriotic, with terrific performances by Henry Fonda, Jack Lemmon, and James Cagney as the Captain.

Mr Roberts
James Cagney as the unsympathetic Captain of 'The Bucket', with his palm tree, which ensign Pulver eventually threw overboard.

Several AKLs were later converted to electronic listening ships, including the infamous USS Pueblo, which was illegally seized by North Korea in 1968.

USS Pueblo
USS Pueblo (AKL-44) remains docked as a "museum" in Pyongyang, North Korea.
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steam-powered winch
A steam-powered winch on a schooner barge. Note the various drums for drawing up anchor chain, towing hawsers, etc, and the anchor chains themselves going down through the deck into the chain locker below.

Prior to steam power, the only force available on a sailing ship to perform all the necessary work was the men on board. For some tasks, such as raising the anchor, it might be necessary to yoke the entire crew to a multi-deck manual capstan. On the largest vessels, even with every available man, this might take several hours to complete. With the advent of steam power, a "donkey engine" and a single engineer could do the work of many men, in less time, and these were soon installed in almost all vessels.

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