Clams

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Surf Clam

The inshore wrecks are sometimes surrounded by the empty shells of Surf Clams Spisula solidissima, right, to 7" across. Large numbers of the white shells also wash up on beaches. Surf Clams are found subtidally down to 100 feet ( which makes you wonder why they are called surf clams. )

Tiny angel wing-shaped Coquina clams Donax variabilis less than 1 inch long do live in the surf, on wave-tossed sandy beaches.

Edible Quahogs Mercenaria mercenaria are smaller and darker than surf clams, usually 2-4" across. The tongue-like muscular foot is used to dig in the sand. This is the part that is used in chowders and other recipes. Quahogs are found in shallower water than Surf Clams, generally along beaches and bays.

Clam Siphons
The incurrent and exhaust siphons of a clam in a muddy bottom ...
Quahog
... and their owner, a Quahog, next to the hole he was dug out of.
Clam Anatomy
Razor Clam

The Razor Clam Ensis directus, to 10" (right) burrows deeply, and can also swim with its long muscular foot. Generally, only dead empty shells are found. Razor Clams are not usually eaten and are fast diggers that are not easy to catch. They live in sandy mud, subtidal down to 120 ft. There are many other types of clams.

Clam Boat
Clamming is one of the last viable fisheries left in New Jersey
Clam Dredge
A modern hydraulic surf clam dredge
Clam Dredge Marks
Side-scan sonar image of bottom marks left behind by a clam dredge. The marks are on the order of one foot deep.

mitts

Diving gloves should be close-fitting, with long, gusseted, zippered, or Velcro gauntlets that overlap your suit sleeves. This is especially important with a drysuit, since the glove will protect the delicate wrist seal on the suit. Thin tropical gloves are of very limited use in the north - your gloves should be at least 5mm thick. Three-fingered mitts are much warmer than five-fingered gloves and are really not much clumsier. They are also much easier to get on and off, which makes me wonder why so few people use them. A little spray soap will make any glove easier to get on.

A hood is critical for maintaining warmth in the water. A good hood will be as close-fitting as possible, and have a generous collar for tucking into your wetsuit, thin skin-in seal around the face, and baffled vents in the top to release bubbles. A neck skirt is much less necessary with a drysuit, but it is a simple matter to cut one off if you don't like it. A neoprene cold-water hood should be at least 5-6mm thick.

The face-hole of a hood should be as small as possible - there is no reason to expose any skin here. The face seal of the hood should overlap your mask skirt, with just barely enough room below for your regulator. You can always trim out a too-small face-hole, but a too-big one pretty much negates any other good qualities a hood may have. Ideally, with mask and hood on, you should expose a small patch on each cheek, and no more.

Printed from njscuba.net