Worms

There are many types of worms, but most species are either too small or too secretive to be found by casual scuba divers. Nudibranchs are shell-less snails that resemble worms, while Teredos are nearly shell-less bivalves that also resemble worms.


Blood Worm

Glycera spp
Nereis spp.(shown)

Size: to 15", generally much smaller

Worms like this can be found anywhere from tidal flats to deep depths, burrowed in the sediment or hiding in crevices.

These segmented worms have four sharp teeth and can give you a good bite if you're not careful. They can also swim, although not very well. The "legs" are called parapodia and are actually gills. The best place to see a blood worm is at the bait shop. Also known as Clam Worms.


12-Scaled Worm

Lepidodontus spp.

Size: to 2"

12-scale worms are usually found while separating and cleaning mussels. They seem to be harmless and inoffensive. In the illustration, the head is at the left. There are many varieties, some with more or less scales.


Nudibranchs

Idulia spp, Coryphella spp, others

Size: 1/2 " to 4"

Nudibranchs or Sea Slugs are not worms but shell-less gastropod mollusks, related to garden slugs. Their closest relatives here are planktonic Sea Butterflies. Some types of nudibranchs, including those shown here, assimilate the functioning stinging cells of their food, and should not be handled for this reason.


Teredo

Teredo navalis

Size: to 5 "

This worm-like creature is actually a bivalve mollusk with a greatly reduced shell, which it uses to bore tunnels into wood. They typically spend their entire lives in a tunnel in a single piece of wood. In addition to feeding off the wood, they can also filter feed like ordinary bivalves.

In the age of wooden ships, teredos and other wood-borers were a tremendous problem. In our area, more wood-boring is done by crustaceans than Teredos.


New Developments in Artificial Reefs

Pauline Marie reef
The Pauline Marie sinks slowly on the Atlantic City Reef.

By Evelyn DeWitt Myatt & Bill Figley, 1986

It's hard to imagine anything that could have looked more forlorn than the rusty old freighter whose proud seagoing days were a thing of the past. Floating idly at her berth awaiting her fate, she was a victim of nature's ravages that had left her beautiful only in the eyes of her old captain and crew. The Pauline Marie, however, was not destined to be the victim of a cutting torch that would turn her into a tangle of scrap steel. Instead, she was acquired by the New Jersey Artificial Reef Program and went down with dignity as an artificial reef in March 1985. She now provides continuing services from her watery grave in the Atlantic, some twelve miles off Atlantic City, and her appeal to marine life is undeniable. Her interior compartments now shelter fish and crustaceans; her decks now provide substrate for mussels, soft corals, and plant life; and her newfound productivity has put delicious seafood on many tables.