Scuba Diving - New Jersey & Long Island New York

Scuba Diving - New Jersey & Long Island New York

Welcome to Scuba Diving New Jersey
& Long Island New York  - dive Wreck Valley !

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Density & Specific Gravity of Materials

These figures are approximate, and should be used only as general indicators.

Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a material to the density of water. Materials with specific gravity greater than 1.000 ( 1.035 in the ocean ) sink; materials with specific gravity less than 1.000 ( 1.035 in the ocean ) float. Lead has the highest specific gravity - 11.35, except for gold. Gases like air also have weight, density, and specific gravity.

Material

Density ( lb / cu-ft )

Specific Gravity

Liquids
Water - pure ( @ 39°F ) 62.4 1.000 ( reference )
Seawater ( @ 39°F ) 64.1 - 64.9 ( 64.6 std ) 1.027 - 1.040 ( 1.035 std )
Ice ( @ 32°F ) 56.2 0.90
Petroleum Oil ~ 51.2 ~ 0.92


Seawater varies in salinity from place to place. High evaporation levels cause noticeably saltier surface water in the tropics. Freshwater runoff in some enclosed northern areas like the Baltic Sea dilutes the seawater to almost fresh. Locally, the specific gravity averages about 1.031.

Gases
Air - moist 0.075 0.0012
Air - dry 0.076 0.0012
Air - 500 psi 2.66 0.04201
Air - 3000 psi 15.59 0.2461

Helium
0.0111
0.0002
Nitrogen 0.0781 0.0013
Oxygen 0.0892 0.0014


compressible gases @ 1 Atmosphere ( 14.696 psia ) ~ 32 F
unless otherwise specified

1 cu-ft = 7.48 gallons

Note: a full 80 cubic foot scuba cylinder holds 77 x 0.076 = 5.85 pounds of air.

Metals
Aluminum * 168 2.70
Titanium 283 4.54
Rust ~ 330 ~ 5.3
Iron * 437 - 491 7.00 - 7.87
Steel * 490 7.85
Bronze * 518 8.30
Brass * 524 8.40
Monel * 552 8.8
Copper 559 8.96
Silver 655 10.5
Lead 708 11.35
Uranium 1184 19.0
Gold 1206 19.3


* depends on alloy and/or preparation

Plastics
Styrofoam ( uncrushed ) ~2.3 ~0.04
Rubber / Neoprene ( foam ) 8.0 - 12.0 0.13 - 0.19
PE ( polyethylene ) 58.7 0.95
ABS 65.7 1.05
Nylon 68.7 1.10
Rubber / Neoprene ( solid ) ~68.7 1.10
PVC ( polyvinylchloride ) 81.1 1.30
Fiberglass ~124.8 ~2.0


Woods
Softwoods:    
Balsa * 6.9 - 8.7 0.11 - 0.14
Cork * 12.5 0.20
White Pine * 17.5 - 26.2 0.28 - 0.42
Cedar * 30.6 - 35.6 0.49 - 0.57
Hardwoods:    
Red Oak * 28.1 - 41.8 0.45 - .067
White Ash * 30.0 - 44.9 0.48 - 0.72
Lignum vitae * 80.0 1.28

Wood - waterlogged * ( all )
93.6
1.5


* depends on moisture content and other factors

Miscellaneous
Coal ( solid ) 84 - 94 1.3 - 1.5
Limestone ( coral ) 125 2.0
Ceramic 125 2.0
Brick 131 2.1
Concrete 144 2.3
Granite 162 2.6
Glass 162 2.6

Muscle
64.8
1.04
Fat 57.4 0.92
Bone 115.2 1.85
Blood 66.0 1.06 *
Brains ** **


* so blood is thicker than water
** depends on the individual !